Currently working on: Electromagnetism

Classical mechanics

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Thermodynamics

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Statistical physics

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Electromagnetism

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Quantum Mechanics

• From Classical to Quantum Mechanics [Show PDF]

  A list of experiments and theories that progressively led physicists to quantum mechanics:

  • Early atomic models (~1897–1909): First evidence that matter is composed of elementary constituents. Thomson’s discovery of the electron and Rutherford’s nuclear model established the existence of subatomic structure.
  • UV catastrophe & Planck’s quantization (~1900): Crisis in classical electromagnetism caused by blackbody radiation. Planck introduced quantization of energy per radiation mode, introducing the constant that would later be known as Planck’s constant.
  • Bohr–Sommerfeld model (~1913–1916): Semiclassical model for hydrogen-like atoms. Quantization of angular momentum explained spectral lines. Sommerfeld’s extension to elliptical orbits introduced early quantum numbers and partially accounted for fine structure.
  • Photoelectric effect (1887–1905): Observed experimentally by Hertz and theoretically explained by Einstein. The light-quantization hypothesis accounted for the frequency threshold and kinetic energy dependence.
  • Compton effect (~1923): X-ray scattering experiment demonstrating momentum transfer consistent with particle-like photons.
  • Wave–particle duality & de Broglie wavelength (~1924–1927): Extension of quantization to matter. Every particle is associated with a wavelength λ = h/p. Confirmed experimentally by electron diffraction (Davisson–Germer experiment) and later single-particle interference experiments.



• Calculations appendices [Show PDF]
  • Details on Planck quantization of the energy modes of Blackbody radiations. (~1900): A semi-classical derivation inspired by statistical physics where Planck introduced his "bins" quantization idea.